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Rev.
Sidney Endle was the first scholar and writer
who brought Bodo language into regulated
and written form in the last part of the
nineteenth century through his scholarly
books, 'An Out Line Grammar of the Kachari
(Bârâ) Language as spoken in
district Darrang, Assam with illustrative
sentence, Notes, Reading lessons, and a
Short Vocabulary' - Shillong, 1884 in Roman
script.
The European missionaries first introduced
Bodo language in their missionary schools
situated in the Bodo inhabited areas along
with translation of Bibles from English
into Bodo. Reading and learning in Bodo
by Bodo children continued up to the early
part of the twentieth century through Roman
script, but that practice was stopped when
the wave of Swaraj Movement took a serious
turn to hate over the European missionaries
who propagated Christianity amidst the illiterate
Indians and Bodos who were then best influenced
by the Hindus through Guru Deva Kalicharan
Brahma of Kajigaon in Goalpara district
of Assam, who became Sib Narayan Parama
Hongso of Calcutta who profounded a refined
Hindu religion called Brahma Dharma ( Brahma
religion) and that time. It was happened
so, as because of fact that the Bodo guardians
who were so afraid of being converted into
Christianity by those Christian missionaries
who were in-charge of teaching Bodo in Roman
Script in their missionary schools, stopped
sending of their children to such missionary
schools (1916).
Indeed large scale conversion into the Christianity
amidst the Bodo people was checked by that
Bodo disciple of Bengali refined Hindu religion
propagator Siva Narayana Parama Hongso as
he was a man, possessing of strong personalities;
successfully spread this Brahma Dharma amongst
the Bodo Kachari people and later he was
known as the Guru Deva Kalicharana by the
Bodos.
A religious book of that Brahma Dharma called
Khriya-Dorpon, meaning a rule of performing
rituals was published in Bengali language
and later it was translated into Bodo language
by Sri Kalicharan Brahma of Simbargaon,
a disciple of late Guru Deva Kalicharana
and who wrote an autobiography too of his
Guru Deva.
Guru Deva's one of the so many best contributions
to the Bodo society was a book written in
Bengali Assamese script known as Boroni
Jolonga, meaning -'a book of Bodos concerning
to medicine' by which the literate Bodos
could manage certain medicines themselves
while their family members happen to suffer
from fever.
Although the Brahma Dharma was spread over
the Bodo people even then the traditional
origin Bathou (Siva worship) Mongolian religion
continued to exist.
Guru Deva Kalicharana launched a vigorous
movement amidst the Bodo society to eradicate
wine, and taming (rearing) of pigs and poultry,
- the systems of which were prevalent in
their society since the time immemorial
and thereby adversely affected in the economy
of the common Bodo people by the latter
two. He had been compelled to hire this
Brahma Dharma from Calcutta so as to remove
the 'bar of entrance' is untouched ability
on the part of Hindus over the Bathou Mongolian
religionists to their homes and hotels etc.,
which was so greatly prevalent in the Hindu
society in the pre-independence era.
Guru Deva's greatest contribution was the
reformation that he brought among the Bodo
society. He organized Bodo Samaj (Bodo Society)
and prepared a code of conduct of the Bodo
Society in line of Hindus keeping the basic
structure of Bodo Mongolian origin of 5
(five) Asharas, a code of punishment and
trial viz, - Ogorbad, Daokibad, Fongslotbad,
Gandubad, and Kaoalibad along with adjustment
to the penal code of India (P.C.I &
C.R.P.C.I), which is still followed by the
Bodo Samaj and known as Bodo Pandu Lipi.
Sub Division or Anchalik wise Bodo Samaj
are still in function in every Bodo inhabited
areas and villages.
In the field of social system of marriage
there were several systems viz, - escaping
away the girl by the boy (Dânkharlangnai),
dragging the girl away by force (Bânai),
body offering i.e. the girl herself goes
at the house of the boy whom she loves (Kharannai),
looking for girl by guardian (Nainanâi
lainai), widowed marriage (Dongkha Habnai),
adaptation-son-in-law's marriage (Gârjia
janai) and out of which most marriages occure
now a days only from the 'body offering'
and 'looking for girl by the guardian' systems.
Guru Deva reformed the Bodo society marriage
system and eradicated the first two systems
as stated above which were considered to
be inhuman and barbarous in nature.
Thus performance of martial ritual in form
a 'Jaygya' fire ritual as prevalent amongst
the Brahmins was being introduced along
with the rule of completion of Saptapadi
(seven circles) after spread of the Brahma
religion among the Bodos. However, the primitive
form of the martial ritual in the form of
'Hathasuni' continue to exist. No Caste
bar there among the Bodo marriage as prevelant
amongst the Hindu like Anuloma and Protiloma
marriages as guided by the Mitakshara and
Doyabhaga Hindu thoughts of the Hindu Family
Laws.
Although such social changes were brought
into the Bodo society yet the practices
of taking wine and pork (non-Hindu character)
continues as a whole amongst the Bodo and
Mongolian characters are thus maintained
still.
Guru Deva Kalicharana encouraged the educated
Bodos to practice Bodo language in the form
of literary language and he himself wrote
a book in Bodo "Boroni Jolonga".
He established a 'Brahma Boarding' at Dhubri
were the Bodos could take shelter while
going to offices and court at Dhubri, the
headquarter town of the Goalpara district.
Many Bodo students stayed there as the lodging
and used to received to their educations.
Those Bodo students studying at Dhubri town
first brought a Bodo Magazine 'Bibar' by
name which was contemporary to 'Bahi' of
late Rose-Ras Lakshminath Bez Barua the
founder of modern Assamese literature.
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